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EXCELLENCE TECHNOLOGY
How AI Actually Works
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What happens inside ChatGPT-style models (explained without math, from the research papers), so you know when to trust them.
3h 29m6 constellations
01Explain how a language model produces text
02Know what tokens, context windows and retrieval mean in practice
03Understand why AI hallucinates and how to test it
04Choose models by cost, speed and quality, and judge agents
Every lesson of How AI Actually Works
18 lessons in 6 levels, about 3 hours. Level 1 is free.
Level 1What a Language Model IsFree · 3 lessons
- It predicts the next piece of textUnderstand the one job a large language model is trained to do, and why that produces so much.11 min
- Tokens: how AI measures textConvert words into tokens, and understand why tokens set length limits and prices.12 min
- Checkpoint: attention, explained simplyExplain the idea behind the Transformer in plain words.11 min
Level 2How Models Are TrainedMembership · 3 lessons
- Pretraining: size isn't everythingUnderstand pretraining and why data matters as much as model size.12 min
- From text predictor to assistantUnderstand how fine-tuning and human feedback turn a raw model into a helpful assistant.11 min
- Checkpoint: what training data means for youAnticipate the limits that come from how models are trained.11 min
Level 3Context and MemoryMembership · 3 lessons
- The context window: AI's working memoryEstimate whether your material fits in a model's context window.12 min
- Lost in the middlePlace important information where models use it best in long contexts.11 min
- Checkpoint: retrieval (RAG)Understand retrieval-augmented generation and when it's the right tool.12 min
Level 4Why AI Gets Things WrongMembership · 3 lessons
- Why models make things upUnderstand the incentive behind hallucinations and how to reduce them in practice.12 min
- Step by step: reasoning in modelsUnderstand chain-of-thought and reasoning models, and their limits.11 min
- Checkpoint: test AI on your own questionsCompare AI tools with a small test set built from your real work.12 min
Level 5Costs, Speed and EnergyMembership · 3 lessons
Level 6Agents and the Road AheadMembership · 3 lessons
- Agents: models that use toolsUnderstand what an AI agent is and the questions to ask before trusting one.12 min
- Explain AI to someone elseCorrect common misconceptions about AI with simple, accurate explanations.11 min
- Capstone: your mental model of AIWrite your own one-page explanation of how AI works and how you'll use it.14 min
AFTER THE CORE